Micro-biome-driven modulation of leucine-rich repeat protein in wheat: a novel approach to plant immunity and pathogen defense
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Global food security is threatened by environmental stressors and pathogens that affect wheat, which is a staple crop. Leucine-Rich Repeat (LRR) proteins are critical to wheat's defense system, detecting pathogens, and responding accordingly. A recent study aimed to highlight the importance of microbiomes in improving LRR protein function, detecting pathogens, and triggering robust immune responses. It may also be beneficial for plants to have useful microbes, such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Trichodermas pieces, which can stimulate plant immunity, induce systemic resistance, and suppress pathogenic organisms, thus complementing the protection provided by LRR proteins. This review paper has been planned to seek information regarding innovative strategies for improving disease resistance by investigating the synergistic interactions between wheat-associated microbiomes and LRR proteins. The results of this review will contribute to the improvement of wheat defenses and ensure global food security by developing microbial inoculants and LRR protein-based tools. In this review, LRR proteins and plant-associated microbiomes are highlighted as crucial components of wheat immunity, probiotics and pathogen control. It provides a comprehensive understanding of how these components collectively maintain wheat's defense mechanisms by synthesizing recent advances in LRR protein structure, signaling pathways, and their interactions with beneficial microbes. Moreover, it emphasizes how microbiome modulation can be used to improve LRR protein function, providing sustainable strategies to mitigate environmental stresses and pathogen threats. This review provides valuable insight for future agricultural research, policy development, and industrial applications, fostering collaborations and aimed at achieving long-term agricultural resilience and sustainability.
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